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blog

A blog is your easy-to-use web site, where you can quickly post thoughts,interact with people, and more.

I am here to create some interesting and astonishing history of all time.

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Tylor

Leaving the sphere of historical religions, the ritual-from-myth approach often sees the relationship between myth and ritual as analogous to the relationship between science and technology. The pioneering anthropologist Edward Burnett Tylor is the classic exponent of this view. He saw myth as an attempt to explain the world: for him, myth was a sort of proto-science. Ritual is secondary: just as technology is an application of science, so ritual is an application of myth--an attempt to produce certain effects, given the supposed nature of the world: "For Tylor, myth functions to explain the world as an end in itself. Ritual applies that explanation to control the world." A ritual always presupposes a preexisting myth: in short, myth gives rise to ritual.

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nature

Nature, in the broadest sense, is equivalent to the natural world, physical universe, material world or material universe. "Nature" refers to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general. Manufactured objects and human interaction are not considered part of nature unless qualified in ways such as "human nature" or "the whole of nature". Nature is generally distinguished from the supernatural. It ranges in scale from the subatomic to the galactic.

The word nature is derived from the Latin word natura, or "the course of things, natural character." Natura was a Latin translation of the Greek word physis , which originally related to the intrinsic characteristics that plants, animals, and other features of the world develop of their own accord. This is shown in the first written use of word, in connection with a plant. The concept of nature as a whole, the physical universe, is one of several expansions of the original notion; it began with certain core applications of the word by pre-Socratic philosophers, and has steadily gained currency ever since. This usage was confirmed during the advent of modern scientific method in the last several centuries.

blogging helps in gaining

Now i got tracked in the field of blogging.. Found lots of new opportunities in blogging.. Most of them have different opinion on blogging.Some think as just a time pass, others suggest as waste of time in hanging over blogging.. Definitely not so. I found it as an way of posting our own views and concepts that we learn. They encourage our views by paying for our posts in blogs. 

I found payperpost an interesting site. They link right advertisers with right bloggers. Both of them gain benefit through blogging.Even i am going to be paid for my blogs and will have new opportunity to advertise and earn few dollars from that. 

I found blogging not only for earning money but also gaining power of writing posts of our unique ideas. This helps in acquiring knowledge and power of getting new ideas and views on all topics. It allows us to follow some basic rules through word of mouth ethics... Philosophy of blogging can be known from this ... Blogging helps us in many ways.. Advertisers found easy by paying bloggers to share their works and loads.. Best kind of organisation is seen and learned through blogging. 

Blogging is nothing but learning business admistration over application of blogging, from my point of view.

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OVERVIEW OF THE SYSTEM:

Let me explain the ovieview of my system that may clear your idea on it:

The P2P VOIP architecture decentralizes the Call Processing Server by having a modified SIP client and server installed on each user's computer and by making intelligent use of Callee's SMTP server-log to obtain location information to initiate a VOIP call. Caller consults the Callee's SMTP server to obtain plausible IP addresses of the Callee. Callee's location is probed heuristically using IP addresses and timestamps obtained from SMTP server logs. Call parameters are then extracted from the SIP server running on the Callee's computer.
The modified SIP client on the Caller's side contacts Callee's SMTP server and subsequently contacts the Callee's SIP and RTP to locate connection parameters, and finally initiate a call. This architecture essentially eliminates the need of a VOIP provider. Our approach works with an assumption that users use their computers to check e-mail periodically; and we can heuristically gather information about the user's location by intelligently traversing the SMTP server-log. Please note here that the called party is uniquely identified by his or her Email address. SMTP logs give location information (IP, Time stamps, etc.); and finally, a call is initiated directly between the peers using SIP handshaking and RTP/RTCP based communication

references

For better understanding of terms and technology, refer following papers.
1)Gonzalo Camarillo, “SIP DEMYSTIFIED” McGraw-Hill TELECOM
2)M. Handley, H. Schulzrinne, E. Schooler, J. Rosenberg "RFC 2543 Session Initaitation Protocol" March 1999.
3)Varshney, U., Snow, A., McGivern, M., and Howard, C. 2002. Voice over IP. Commun. ACM 45, 1 (Jan. 2002), 89-96.
4)Ahuja, S. R. and Ensor, R. 2004. VoIP: What is it Good for?. Queue 2, 6 (Sep. 2004), 48-55.
5)Singh, A. and Acharya, A. 2004. Using session initiation protocol to build context-aware VoIP support for multiplayer networked games. In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM 2004 Workshops on Netgames '04: Network and System Support For Games (Portland, Oregon, USA, August 30 - 30, 2004). SIGCOMM 2004 Workshops. ACM Press, New York, NY, 98-105.
6)Amir, Y., Danilov, C., Goose, S., Hedqvist, D., and Terzis, A. 2005. 1-800-OVERLAYS: using overlay networks to improve VoIP quality. In Proceedings of the international Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support For Digital Audio and Video (Stevenson, Washington, USA, June 13 - 14, 2005). NOSSDAV '05. ACM Press, New York, NY, 51-56.
7)Stefan Brunner, Akhlaq A. Ali, “ VoIP Over IP 101” Juniper Network

simple code

simple code for execution voice transmission:

Main:

package newvoip;


public class Main
{

/** Creates a new instance of Main */
public Main()
{
}

/**
* @param args the command line arguments
*/
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// TODO code application logic here
}

Display form:

Requirements

the hardware and software requirements are listed below.
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
· Pentium IV processor
· 512 MB RAM
· 40 GB Hard Disk space
· Microphones
· Speakers
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
· Windows XP/2000
· Java 1.6/Netbeans 5.0 and above

Protocols to be used

The following protocols are used for constructing the project body.
The core SIP specification defines six types of SIP requests, each of them with a different purpose. Every SIP request contains a field, called a method, which denotes its purpose. The list shows the six methods
1. Session initiation protocol(SIP).
*invite.
*ack.
*options.
*bye.
*cancel.
*register.
2.Real transport protocol.
Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP), which provides end-to-end delivery services for data with real-time characteristics, such as interactive audio and video. Services include payload type identification, sequence numbering, time stamping and delivery monitoring.
3.RTCP:
Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP) is the optional companion protocol to RTP; it is not needed for RTP to work. The primary function of RTCP is to provide feedback on the quality of the data distribution being accomplished by RTP.

system design of voip project

The overview of the system design is explained and constructed.

The P2P VOIP architecture decentralizes the Call Processing Server by having a modified SIP client and server installed on each user's computer and by making intelligent use of Callee's SMTP server-log to obtain location information to initiate a VOIP call. Caller consults the Callee's SMTP server to obtain plausible IP addresses of the Callee. Callee's location is probed heuristically using IP addresses and timestamps obtained from SMTP server logs. Call parameters are then extracted from the SIP server running on the Callee's computer.The modified SIP client on the Caller's side contacts Callee's SMTP server and subsequently contacts the Callee's SIP and RTP to locate connection parameters, and finally initiate a call. This architecture essentially eliminates the need of a VOIP provider. Our approach works with an assumption that users use their computers to check e-mail periodically; and we can heuristically gather information about the user's location by intelligently traversing the SMTP server-log. Please note here that the called party is uniquely identified by his or her Email address. SMTP logs give location information (IP, Time stamps, etc.); and finally, a call is initiated directly between the peers using SIP handshaking and RTP/RTCP based communication

snapshots

Here are some of the snapshots for better understanding....

proposed system of my project

The proposed system of my project gives everyone a better security for voice transmission.

PROPOSED SYSTEM:
As with many new technologies, VOIP introduces both security risks and opportunities. VOIP has a very different architecture than traditional circuit-based telephony, and these differences result in significant security issues.
Firewalls are a staple of security in today’s IP networks. Whether protecting a LAN or WAN, or just protecting a single computer, a firewall is usually the first line of defense against would be attackers. Firewalls work by blocking traffic deemed to be invasive, intrusive, or just plain malicious from flowing through them. Acceptable traffic is determined by a set of rules programmed into the firewall by the network administrator. The introduction of firewalls to the VOIP network complicates several aspects of VOIP, most notably dynamic port trafficking and call setup procedures.
Only particularly security-sensitive organizations bother to encrypt voice traffic over traditional telephone lines. The same cannot be said for Internet-based connections.
"A firewall is a system or group of systems that enforces an access control policy between two networks or two systems."
Firewall vendors and those crafting standards are working to make firewalls operate effectively with the widely deployed protocol and the emerging Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), many users are skirting the issue by encrypting wide-area VOIP traffic and sending it over VPN tunnels for site-to-site and remote office connections. It eliminates the risk of exposing a network to intruders, which comes with opening ports on a firewall to allow VOIP to flow through.
The potential problems with sending IP voice through a firewall break down into two categories: network address translation (NAT) and the complexity of VOIP traffic.
NAT changes the source IP address of a packet from a private address to a public one so it can be routed over the Internet. The "NAT-ing" device, such as a firewall, keeps track of what the private IP address is, so returning traffic can be routed to the sending device.A VOIP firewall is an application driven by a security policy defining whether to allow or deny certain calls. To provide superior security, the firewall must be highly reliable and add no noticeable latency to voice traffic

Disadvantages of my project!!!!

Though we benefit a lot from voip peer to peer services, it also suffers from some of problems.
They are:
· If the server goes down, then the entire network crashes.
· It is more expensive to install.
· Needs to be maintained by staff with high IT skills.
A peer-to-peer (or P2P) computer network is a network that relies on the computing power and bandwidth of the participants in the network rather than concentrating it in a relatively few servers. P2P networks are typically used for connecting nodes via largely ad hoc connections. Such networks are useful for many purposes. Sharing content files containing audio, video, data or anything in digital format is very common, and real-time data, such as telephony traffic, is also passed using P2P technology. The term "P2P network" can also mean grid computing.
A pure peer-to-peer file transfer network does not have the notion of clients or servers, but only equal peer nodes that simultaneously function as both "clients" and "servers" to the other nodes on the network.
But with increasing welfare, these are neglected and tried to overwhelm these difficulties

Advantages of my project

Many benefits can be obtained from my project. Some of them are listed below in points:

· The servers are designed to handle multiple requests from clients.
· Resources, security and files are centrally controlled which makes it easier to administer.
· The network is more scalable as it allows for more users to be added as the network grows, unlike the peer-to-peer networks, which are usually restricted to a certain number of computers.
The IETF proposed Session Initiation Protocol (SIP and RTP, RTCP etc.) to facilitate asynchronous multimedia communication (such as, VOIP and Video Conferencing). The IETF is well-known for its philosophy of freedom and adherence of non-proprietary but innovative protocols and standards. In our work, we tried to analyze relevant Internet protocols and implemented a light-weight SIP client and server modules to implement a pure P2P VOIP system. The system is implemented by having both the SIP client and server modules on end-user's computers.
Gaining these benefits, it is widely used by many of them.

My engineering project

My project in engineering was "Intelligent peer to peer voip"- the main purpose of this is to enable a voip user tracking and calling other users anywhere in the net.This architecture decentralises the mechanism of call establishment and call termination as well as user tracking without going through a centralised VOIP proxy or redirection server.The main advantage of the peer to peer network network is that there will not be any single point of failure that is even if a server in one system crashes it will not affect the entire network.
Network providers see VOIP technology as a means of reducing their cost of offering existing voice-based services along with new value added multimedia services. Service providers also view VOIP infrastructure as an economical base on which to build new revenue-generating services. As deployment of VOIP technology becomes widespread and part of a shared competitive landscape, this second goal will become more important, with service providers working to increase their market shares. However, this trend violates the philosophy of freedom behind the Internet. Internet users should be able to use VOIP as they have been using e-mail over the decades without having to pay to or tied with a particular VOIP provider.
I'll explain about this project in the following posts

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